Pandemic influenza and major disease outbreak preparedness in US emergency departments: A survey of medical directors and department chairs

Authors

  • Melinda J. Morton, MD, MPH
  • Thomas D. Kirsch, MD, MPH
  • Richard E. Rothman, MD, PhD
  • Marielle M. Byerly, MD
  • Yu-Hsiang Hsieh, PhD
  • John G. McManus, MD, MCR
  • Gabor D. Kelen, MD

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2009.0031

Keywords:

pandemic influenza, avian influenza, disaster medicine

Abstract

Study objectives: To quantify the readiness of individual academic emergency departments (EDs) in the United States for an outbreak of pandemic influenza.
Methods, design, and setting: Cross-sectional assessment of influenza pandemic preparedness level of EDs in the United States via survey of medical directors and department chairs from the 135 academic emergency medicine departments in the United States. Preparedness assessed using a novel score of 15 critical preparedness indicators. Data analysis consisted of summary statistics, χ2, and ANOVA.
Participants: ED medical directors and department chairs.
Results: One hundred and thirty academic emergency medicine departments contacted; 66 (50.4 percent) responded. Approximately half (56.0 percent) stated their ED had a written plan for pandemic influenza response. Mean preparedness score was 7.2 (SD = 4.0) out of 15 (48.0 percent); only one program (1.5 percent) achieved a perfect score. Respondents from programs with larger EDs (=30 beds) were more likely to have a higher preparedness score (p < 0.035), an ED pandemic preparedness plan (p = 0.004) and a hospital pandemic preparedness plan (p = 0.007). Respondents from programs with larger EDs were more likely to feel that their ED was prepared for a pandemic or other major disease outbreak (p = 0.01). Only onethird (34.0 percent) felt their ED was prepared for a major disease outbreak, and only 27 percent felt their hospital was prepared to respond to a major disease outbreak.
Conclusions: Significant deficits in preparedness for pandemic influenza and other disease outbreaks exist in US EDs, relative to HHS guidelines, which appear to be related in part to ED size. Further study should be undertaken to determine the barriers to appropriate pandemic preparedness, as well as to develop and validate preparedness metrics.

Author Biographies

Melinda J. Morton, MD, MPH

Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Center for Refugee and Disaster Response, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.

Thomas D. Kirsch, MD, MPH

Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Center for Refugee and Disaster Response, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.

Richard E. Rothman, MD, PhD

Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

Marielle M. Byerly, MD

Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

Yu-Hsiang Hsieh, PhD

Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

John G. McManus, MD, MCR

Department of Emergency Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas.

Gabor D. Kelen, MD

Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

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Published

07/01/2009

How to Cite

Morton, MD, MPH, M. J., T. D. Kirsch, MD, MPH, R. E. Rothman, MD, PhD, M. M. Byerly, MD, Y.-H. Hsieh, PhD, J. G. McManus, MD, MCR, and G. D. Kelen, MD. “Pandemic Influenza and Major Disease Outbreak Preparedness in US Emergency Departments: A Survey of Medical Directors and Department Chairs”. American Journal of Disaster Medicine, vol. 4, no. 4, July 2009, pp. 199-06, doi:10.5055/ajdm.2009.0031.

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