Dowling, MS, L. S., Gatchel, PhD, R. J., Adams, PhD, L. L., Stowell, PhD, A. W., & Bernstein, MS, PhD, D. (2007). An evaluation of the predictive validity of the Pain Medication Questionnaire with a heterogeneous group of patients with chronic pain. Journal of Opioid Management, 3(5), 257–266. https://doi.org/10.5055/jom.2007.0013