Theory of human flourishing for therapeutic recreation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5055/ajrt.2010.0003Keywords:
narrative, practice, telos, tradition, virtuesAbstract
The purpose of this article is to present an overview of a theory of human flourishing and to outline how the theory can guide therapeutic recreation specialists as they strive to improve the lives of people with disabilities and illnesses. According to the theory, a flourishing life is marked by excelling in one or more leisure practices, authoring a coherent personal narrative, formulating and pursuing a meaningful telos, negotiating traditions, and acting virtuously. These constituent elements are described and then quad rugby is used to illustrate how a particular leisure practice contributes to flourish through its effects on each element. The article concludes with tasks that therapeutic recreation specialists should undertake to promote flourishing in people with disabilities and illnesses.References
Carter MJ, Van Andel GE, Robb GM: Therapeutic Recreation: A Practical Approach. 3rd ed. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland, 2003.
National Therapeutic Recreation Society: Promoting policies to support therapeutic recreation. Available at http://www.nrpa.org/Content.aspx?id=1038. Accessed February 8, 2010.
Robertson T, Long T: Considering therapeutic recreation as your profession. In Robertson T, Long T (eds.): Foundations of Therapeutic Recreation: Perceptions, Philosophies, and Practices for the 21st Century. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2008: 3-11.
Carruthers C, Hood CD: Building a life of meaning through therapeutic recreation: The leisure and well-being model, part I. Ther Recreation J. 2007; 4: 276-297.
Hood CD, Carruthers C: Enhancing leisure experience and developing resources: The leisure and well-being model, part II. Ther Recreation J. 2007; 4: 298-325.
Deci EL, Ryan RM: Hedonia, eudaimonia, and well-being: An introduction. J Happiness Stud. 2008; 9: 1-11.
Waterman AS: Two conceptions of happiness: Contrasts of personal expressiveness (eudaimonia) and hedonic enjoyment. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1993; 64: 678-691.
Aristotle: Nicomachean ethics. In McKeon R (ed.): The Basic Works of Aristotle. New York: The Modern Library, 2001.
Dunn DS, Brody C: Defining the good life following acquired physical disability. Rehabil Psychol. 2008; 53: 413-425.
MacIntyre A: Dependent Rational Animals: Why Human Beings Need the Virtues. Chicago: Open Court, 1999.
MacIntyre A: After Virtue. 3rd ed. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame, 2007.
Sylvester C: A virtue-based approach to therapeutic recreation practice. Ther Recreation J. 2009; 43(3): 9-25.
Maslow AH: Toward a Psychology of Being. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand, 1968.
Waterman AS: Identity formation: Discovery or creation? J Early Adolesc. 1984; 4: 329-341.
Waterman AS: Personal expressiveness: Philosophical and psychological foundations. J Mind Behav. 1990; 11: 47-74.
Disabled Sports USA: Remembering and celebrating 40 years of disabled sports. Available at http://www.dsusa.org/Chal lMagarchive/Fal l07/chal lmag- fal l07-DSUSA 40Yrs.html. Accessed February 8, 2010.
Kent D: Snake Pits, Talking Cures and Magic Bullets: A History of Mental Illness. Brookfield, CT: Twenty-First Century, 2003.
Spaniol L, Gagne C, Koehler M (eds.): Psychological and Social Aspects of Psychiatric Disability. Boston: Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, 1997.
Smart J: Disability, Society, and the Individual. 2nd ed. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed, 2009.
Burtt S: Is inclusion a civic virtue? Cosmopolitanism, disability, and the liberal state. Soc Theory Practice. 2007; 33: 557-578.
Sylvester C: A virtue-based theory of leisure [Abstract]. Abstracts from the 2007 Leisure Research Symposium. Ashburn, VA: National Recreation and Park Association, 2007: 208-211.
Groff DG, Kleiber DA: Exploring the identity formation of youth involved in an adapted sports program. Ther Recreation J. 2001; 35: 318-332.
Kleiber D: Leisure Experience and Human Development: A Dialectical Interpretation. New York: Basic Books, 1999.
Patterson I: Developing a meaningful identity for people with disabilities through serious leisure activities. World Leisure J. 2000; 42(2): 41-51.
Patterson I, Pegg S: Serious leisure and people with intellectual disabilities: Benefits and opportunities. Leisure Stud. 2009; 28: 387-402.
Sylvester C: Freedom, leisure and therapeutic recreation: A philosophical view. Ther Recreation J. 1985; 19(1): 6-13.
Weber M: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. (Translated by Parsons T). New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1958.
Garland-Thomson R: Shape structures story: Fresh and feisty stories about disability. Narrative. 2007; 15: 113-123.
United States Quad Rugby Association: The game. Available at http://www.quadrugby.com. Accessed February 8, 2010.
International Wheelchair Rugby Federation: Classification. Available at http://www.iwrf.com/classification.htm. Accessed February 8, 2010.
Yilla AB, Sherrill C: Validating the Beck battery of quad rugby skill tests. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 1998; 15: 155-167.
Lindemann K, Cherney JL: Communicating in and through “Murderball”: Masculinity and disability in wheelchair rugby. West J Commun. 2008; 72: 107-125.
Goodwin D, Johnston K, Gustafson P, et al.: It’s okay to be a quad: Wheelchair rugby players’ sense of community. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 2009; 26: 102-117.
McGill J: Developing Leisure Identities: A Pilot Project. Brampton, Ontario, Canada: Brampton Caledon Community Living, 1996.
Lee Y, McCormick BP: Sense making process in defining health for people with chronic illnesses and disabilities. Ther Recreation J. 2002; 36: 235-246.
O’Keefe C: Grounding the therapeutic recreation process in an ethic of care. In Sylvester C (ed.): Philosophy of Therapeutic Recreation. Vol. III. Ashburn, VA: National Recreation and Park Association, 2005: 73-83.
Galambos D: Planning . . . to Have a Life. Oakville, Ontario, Canada: Sheridan College, 1998.
McAdams DP: Personal narratives and the life story. In John O, Robins R, Pervin LA (eds.): Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research. 3rd ed. New York: Guilford Press, 2008: 241-261.
Lawson S, Delamere FM, Hutchinson SL: A personal narrative of involvement in post-traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: What can we learn for therapeutic recreation practice? Ther Recreation J. 2008; 42: 236-250.
Voelkl JE: “I love pumpkins”: The role of therapeutic recreation in oncology. Ther Recreation J. 2008; 42: 228-235.
Seligman MEP: Authentic Happiness. New York: Free Press, 2002.
Csikszentmihalyi M: Finding Flow. New York: Basic Books, 1997.
Waterman AS: When effort is enjoyed: Two sides of intrinsic motivation for personally salient activities. Motiv Emot. 2005; 29: 165-188.
Ryff CD: Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations of the meaning of psychological well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1989; 57: 1069-1081.
Henderson KA, Bedini LA, Hecht L: “Not just a wheelchair, not just a woman”: Self-identity and leisure. Ther Recreation J. 1994; 28: 73-86.
Kleiber DA, Brock SC, Lee Y, et al.: The relevance of leisure in an illness experience: Realities of spinal cord injury. J Leisure Res. 1995; 27: 283-299.
Phoenix TL: Who am I?: Identity formation, youth, and therapeutic recreation. Ther Recreation J. 2001; 35: 348- 356.
Bauer JJ, McAdams DP, Pals JL: Narrative identity and eudaimonic well-being. J Happiness Stud. 2008; 9: 81-104.
Smith B, Sparkes AC: Men, sport, spinal cord injury, and narratives of hope. Soc Sci Med. 2005; 61: 1095-1105.
McAdams DP: The psychology of life stories. Rev Gen Psychol. 2001; 5: 100-122.
International Tennis Federation: Rules of wheelchair tennis. Available at http://www.itftennis.com/wheelchair/rules/index.asp. Accessed February 8, 2010.
Peterson C, Seligman M: Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification. New York: Oxford, 2004.
Porter HR, VanPuymbroeck M: Utilization of the international classification of functioning, disability, and health within therapeutic recreation practice. Ther Recreation J. 2007; 1: 47-60.
Howard D, Browning C, Youngkhill L: The international classification of functioning, disability, and health: Therapeutic recreation code sets and salient diagnostic core sets. Ther Recreation J. 2007; 1: 61-81.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright 2000-2023, Weston Medical Publishing, LLC
All Rights Reserved