Stress coping models and COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5055/ajrt.2020.0226Keywords:
COVID-19, stress, coping, leisure stress coping modelAbstract
COVID-19 has negatively affected community life and resulted in a significant increase in mental health problems and decreased general well-being. Stress related to COVID-19 worsens mental health problems, especially for those with preexistent conditions. Studies found that people used coping strategies such as hoping for the best, distraction, solving the problem, or seeking emotional and social support during this stressful situation. Stress models including response model, stimulus model, and transactional model from previous studies were introduced to provide more insight on how to cope with stress for the pandemic. Two unique leisure stress coping models, leisure buffering model and hierarchical dimensions model of leisure stress coping were explained as well.
References
Mahase E: COVID-19: WHO declares pandemic because of “alarming levels” of spread, severity, and inaction. Br Med J. 2020; 368: m1036. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m1036.
Fardin MA: COVID-19 and anxiety: A review of psychological impacts of infectious disease outbreaks. Arch Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 15(COVID-19): e102779.
Jobes DA, Crumlish JA, Evans AD: The COVID-19 pandemic and treating suicidal risk: The telepsychotherapy use of CAMS. J Psychother Integr. 2020; 30(2): 226–237. DOI: 10.1037/int0000208.
Nilima N, Kaushik S, Tiwary B, et al.: Psycho-social factors associated with the nationwide lockdown in India during COVID‑19 pandemic. Clin Epidemiol Global Health. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2020.06.010.
Rivera RM, Carballea D: Coronavirus: A trigger for OCD and illness anxiety disorder? Am Psychol Assoc. 2020; 12(S1): S66.
Sun S, Lin D, Operario D: Need for a population health approach to understand and address psychosocial consequences of COVID‑19. Psychol Trauma. 2020; 12: S25-S27.
Sylvan L, Goldstein E, Crandall M: Capturing a moment in time: A survey of school based speech-language pathologists’ experiences in the immediate aftermath of the COVID-19 public health emergency. Perspect ASHA Special Interest Groups. 2020; 5(6): 1735–1749. DOI: 10.1044/2020_PERSP-20-00182.
Güzel P, Yildiz K, Esentas¸ M, et al.: “Know-How” to spend time in home isolation during COVID-19: Restrictions and recreational activities. Int J Psychol Educ Stud. 2020; 7(2), 122–131. DOI: 10.17220/ijpes.2020.02.011.
Ivbijaro G, Brooks C, Kolkiewicz L, et al.: Psychological impact and psychosocial consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic: Resilience, mental well-being, and the coronavirus pandemic. Indian J Psychiatr. 2020; 62(9): 395. DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_1031_20.
Sepúlveda-Loyola W, Rodríguez-Sánchez I, Pérez-Rodríguez P, et al.: Impact of social isolation due to COVID-19 on health in older people: Mental and physical effects and recommendations. J Nutr Health Aging. 2020; 24(9): 938-947. DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1469-2.
McEwen BS: Neurobiological and systemic effects of chronic stress. Chronic Stress. 2017; 1: 1-11.
Cassidy T: Stress, Cognition, and Health. New York: Routledge, 1999.
Selye H: The stress concept: Past, present, and future. In Cooper CL (eds.): Stress Research: Issues for the Eighties. New York: John Wiley, 1983; 1-20
Levi L: Occupational stress. Spice of life or kiss of death? Am Psychol. 1990; 45(10): 1142-1145. DOI: 10.1037//0003-066x.45.10.1142.
Appley MH, Trumbull R: Dynamics of Stress: Physiological, Psychological, and Social Perspectives. New York: Plenum Press, 1986.
Derogatis LR: Self-report measures of stress. In Goldberger L, Breznitz S (eds.): Handbook of Stress: Theoretical and Clinical Aspects. New York: A Division of Macmillan, 1986, pp. 270-294.
Perkins DV: The assessment of stress using life events scales. In Goldberger L, Breznitz S (eds.): Handbook of Stress: Theoretical and Clinical Aspects. New York: A Division of Macmillan, 1986, pp. 320-331.
Holmes TH, Rahe RH: The social readjustment rating scale. J Psychosomat Res. 1967; 11(2): 213-218.
Rahe RH: Life change measurement as a predictor of illness. Proc R Soc Med. 1968; 61: 1124-1126.
Andrykowski MA, Boerner LM, Salsman JM, Pavlik E: Psychological response to test results in an ovarian cancer screening program: A prospective longitudinal study. Health Psychol. 2004; 23: 622-630.
Kaminoff RD, Proshansky HM: Stress as a consequence of the urban physical environment. In Goldberger L, Breznitz S (eds.): Handbook of Stress: Theoretical and Clinical Aspects. New York: A Division of Macmillan, 1986, pp. 380-409.
Lazarus RS, Folkman S: Stress, Appraisal and Coping. New York: Springer, 1984.
Gieselmann A, Elberich N, Mathes J, Pietrowsky R: Nightmare distress revisited: Cognitive appraisal of nightmares according to Lazarus’ transactional model of stress. J Behav Ther Experiment Psych. 2020; 68: 101517. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.101517.
Thompson RJ, Gil KM, Abrams MR, Philips G: Stress, coping, and psychological adjustment of adults with sickle cell disease. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1992; 60: 433-440.
Endler NS, Parker JDA: Coping with health problems: Conceptual and methodological issues. Can J Behav Sci. 1993; 25: 384-399.
Holroyd KA, Lazarus RS: Stress, coping, and somatic adaptation. In Goldberger L, Breznitz S (eds.): Handbook of Stress: Theoretical and Clinical Aspects. New York: A Division of Macmillan, 1986, pp. 21-35.
Krohne HW: Coping with stress: Dispositions, strategies, and the problem of measurement. In M. H. Appley & R. Trumbull (Eds.), Dynamics of stress. New York: Plenum Press, 1986. 28. Lazarus R: Emotion and Adaptation. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
Healy CM, McKay MF: Nursing stress: The effects of coping strategies and job satisfaction in a sample of Australian nurses. J Adv Nurs. 2000; 31: 681-688.
Hayes SC: A contextual approach to therapeutic change. In Jacobson NS (ed.): Psychotherapists in Clinical Practice: Cognitive and Behavioral Perspectives. New York: Guilford Press, 1987, pp. 327-387.
Bond FW, Bunce D: Mediators of change in emotion-focused and problem-focused worksite stress management interventions. J Occupat Health Psychol. 2000; 5: 156-163.
Nezu AM, Nezu CM, Perri MG: Problem-solving Therapy for Depression: Theory, Research, and Clinical Guidelines. New York: John Wiley, 1989.
Nezu AM: A problem-solving formulation of depression: A literature review and proposal of a pluralistic model. Clin Psychol Rev. 1987; 7: 121-144.
Folkman S, Lazarus RS: An analysis of coping in a middle- aged community sample. J Health Social Behav. 1987; 21: 219-239.
Stone AA, Neale JM: New measures of daily coping: Development and preliminary results. J Personal Social Psychol. 1984; 46: 892-906.
Jick TD, Mitz LF: Sex differences in work stress. Acad Manag Rev. 1985; 10: 408-420.
Lundberg O: Class and health: Comparing Britain and Sweden. Soc Sci Med. 1986; 23: 511-517.
Doyle C, Hind P: Occupational stress, burnout and job status in female academics. Gender Work Organizat. 1986; 5: 67-82.
Martocchio JJ, O’Leary AM: Sex differences in stress: A meta-analytic review. J Appl Psychol. 1989; 74: 495-501.
Cutrona C, Russell D, Rose J: Social support and adaptation to stress by the elderly. J Psychol Aging. 1986; 1: 47-54.
Gerhardt U: Coping and social action: Theoretical reconstruction of the life-event approach. Sociol Health Illness. 1979; 1: 195-226.
Robinson S, Weiss JA: Examining the relationship between social support and stress for parents of individuals with autism. Res Autism Spectr Disord. 2020; 74: 1-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101557.
Thoits PA: Stress, coping, and social support processes: Where are we? What next [special issue]. J Health Soc Behav. 1995; Spec No: 53-79.
Cohen S, McKay G: Social support, stress and the buffering hypothesis: A theoretical analysis. In Baum A, Singer JE, Taylor SE (eds.): Handbook of Psychology and Health (vol. 4). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1984.
Langford CPH, Bowsher J, Maloney J, Lillis PP: Social support: A conceptual analysis. J Adv Nurs. 1997; 25: 95-100.
Krohne HW, Slangen KE: Influence of social support on adaptation to surgery. Health Psychol. 2005; 24: 101-105.
Shirey MR: Social support in the workplace: nurse leader implications. Nurs Econ. 2004; 22: 313-319.
Blonna R: Coping with Stress in a Changing World. St. Louis, MI: Mosby-Year Book, 1996.
Uehara T, Sakado K, Sakado M, Sato T, Someya T: Relationship between stress coping and personality in patients with major depressive disorder. Psychother Psychosomat. 1999; 68: 26-30.
Simoni PS, Paterson JJ: Hardiness, coping, and burnout in the nursing workplace. J Profession Nurs. 1997; 13: 178-185.
Nowack KM: Coping style, cognitive hardiness, and health status. J Behavior Med. 1989; 12: 145-158.
Williams PG, Wiebe DJ, Smith TW: Coping processes as mediators of the relationship between hardiness and health. J Behavior Med. 1989; 15: 237-255.
Contrada RJ: Type A behavior, personality hardiness, and cardiovascular responses to stress. J Personal Soc Psychol. 1989; 57: 895-903.
Dua JK: The role of negative affect and positive affect in stress depression, self-esteem, assertiveness, type A behaviors, psychological health, and physical health. Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr. 1993; 119: 515-552.
Roohafza H, Feizi A, Afshar H, et al.: Path analysis of relationship among personality, perceived stress, coping, social support, and psychological outcomes. World J Psych. 2016; 6: 248-256.
Milgrom J, Beatrice G: Coping with the stress of motherhood: cognitive and defense style of women with postnatal depression. Stress Health. 2003; 19: 281-287.
Crowe BM, Van Puymbroeck M, Schmid AA: Yoga as coping: A conceptual framework for meaningful participation in yoga. Int J Yoga Ther. 2016; 26: 123-129.
Nagata S, McCormick B, Piatt J: The effect of leisure coping on depressive symptoms among individuals with depression: Examination of potential confounding effects of physical activity and extraversion. Psychol Health Med. 2019; 24: 654-666.
Wankel LM, Berger BG: The personal and social benefits of sport and physical activity. In Driver BL, Brown PJ, Peterson GL (eds.): The Benefits of Leisure. Pennsylvania: Venture Publishing, 1991.
Sale C, Guppy A, El-Sayed M: Individual differences, exercise and leisure activity in predicting affective well-being in young adults. Ergonomics. 2000; 43: 1689-1697.
Parry DC, Shaw SM: The role of leisure in women’s experiences of menopause and mid-life. Leisure Sci. 1999; 21: 205-218.
Iwasaki Y: Contributions of leisure to “meaning-making” and its implications for leisure studies and services. Ann Leisure. Res 2017; 20: 416-426.
Hoge g, Dattilo J, Williams R: Effects of leisure education on perceived freedom in leisure of adolescents with mental retardation. Therapeut Recreat J. 1999; 33: 320-332.
Folkman S, Moskowitz JT, Ozer EM, Park CL: Positive meaningful events and coping in the context of HIV/AIDS. In Gottlieb BH (ed.): Coping with Chronic Stress. New York: Plenum Press, 1997, pp. 293-314.
Kleiber DA: The neglect of relaxation. J Leisure Res. 2000; 32: 82-86.
Coleman D, Iso-Ahola SE: Leisure and health: The role of social support and self-determination. J Leisure Res. 1993; 23: 111-128.
Iwasaki Y, Mannell RC: Hierarchical dimensions of leisure stress coping. Leisure Sci. 2000; 22: 163-181.
Wethington E, Kessler RC: Perceived support, received support, and adjustment to stressful events. J Health Social Behav. 1986; 27: 78-89.
Spitzer A, Bar-Tar Y, Golander H: Social support: How does it really work. J Adv Nurs. 1995; 22: 850-854.
Iwasaki Y: Examining rival models of leisure coping mechanisms. Leisure Sci. 2003; 25: 183-206.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) stress and coping. 2020. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/managing-stressanxiety.html. Accessed April 4, 2020.
Evanoff BA, Strickland JR, Dale AM, et al.: Work-related and personal factors associated with mental well-being during the COVID-19 response: Survey of health care and other workers. J Med Internet Res. 2020; 22(8): e21366. DOI: 10.2196/21366.
Margolius M, Doyle Lynch A, Pufall Jones E, et al.: The state of young people during COVID-19: Findings from a nationally representative survey of high school youth. America’s Promise Alliance. 2020.
Kar N, Kar B, Kar S: Stress and coping during COVID-19 pandemic: Result of an online survey. Psych Res. 2021; 295: 113598. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113598.
Park CL, Russell BS, Fendrich M, et al. Americans’ COVID-19 stress, coping, and adherence to CDC guidelines. J Gen Int Med. 2020; 35: 2296-2303.
Dupuis SL, Pedlar A: Family leisure programs in institutional care settings: Buffering the stress of caregivers. Ther Recreat J. 1995; 29: 184-205.
Iwasaki Y, Mackay K, Mactavish J: Gender-based analyses of coping with stress among professional managers: Leisure coping and non-leisure coping. J Leisure Res. 2005; 37: 1-28. DOI: 10.1080/00222216.2005.11950038.
Hutchinson SL, Afifi T, Krause S: The family that plays together fares better: Examining the contributions of shared family time to family resilience following divorce. J Divorce Remarr. 2007; 46: 21-48.
Jindani F, Turner N, Khalsa SB: A yoga intervention for posttraumatic stress: A preliminary randomized control trial. Evidence-based Complement Alternat Med. 2015; 2015: Article ID 351746. DOI: 10.1155/2015/351746.
Bennett JL, Piatt JA, Van Puymbroeck M: Outcomes of a therapeutic fly-fishing program for veterans with combat-related disabilities: A community-based rehabilitation initiative. Commun Mental Health J. 2017; 53: 756-765.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright 2000-2023, Weston Medical Publishing, LLC
All Rights Reserved