Use of Wii™ with older adults: A potential new recreational therapy intervention to increase physical activity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5055/ajrt.2010.0022Keywords:
recreational therapy, Nintendo Wii™, virtual reality, intervention, older adults, physical activity, quality of life, self-efficacy theoryAbstract
Because of increases in life expectancy, there is a greater focus on enhancing and maintaining quality of life for older adults. One method to improve quality of life is to increase everyday physical activity, and a new approach to this is through virtual reality video games such as the Nintendo Wii™. This is a new tool for recreational therapists to use, and preliminary evidence from several trials supports the claim that Wii™ intervention is beneficial. This article will review the benefits of physical activity for older adults, the obstacles keeping older adults from physical activity, the framework of physical activity according to self-efficacy theory and principles, and will apply the self-efficacy theory to examine the Wii™ as an assistive tool for use as physical activity, as well as the resulting implications for recreational therapy practice and research.References
US Census Bureau: The Older Population in the United States: 2008. 2009.
Wenger NK: Assessment of Quality of Life in Clinical Trials of Cardiovascular Therapies. New York: Le Jacque Publishing, Inc., 1984.
George L, Bearon L: Quality of Life in Older Persons. New York: Human Sciences Press, 1980.
Packa DR: Quality of life of cardiac patients: A review. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 1989; 3(2): 1-11.
Campbell A, Converse P, Rodgers W: The Quality of American Life. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1976.
Hess P: Toward Healthy Aging. St. Louis: Mosby, 2004: 79-114.
Hooyman N, Kiyak H: Social Gerontology: A Multi disciplinary Perspective. 8th ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 2008.
Austin D: Therapeutic Recreation: Processes and Techniques. 6th ed. Champaign, IL: Sagamore Publishing, 2010.
Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM: Physicalactivity, exercise, and physical-fitness. Definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep. 1985; 100(2): 126-131.
Kenny R, Rubenstein L, Martin F, et al.: Guideline for the prevention of falls in older persons. J Am Geriatrics Soc. 2001; 49(5): Y644-Y672.
Lundebjerg N, Rubenstein LZ, Kenny RA, et al.: Guideline for the prevention of falls in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001; 49(5): 664-672.
Campbell A, Robertson M, Gardner M, et al.: Randomized controlled trial of a general practice programme of home based exercise to prevent falls in elderly women. BMJ. 1997; 315: 1065-1069.
Warburton DER, Gledhill N, Quinney A: The effects of changes in musculoskeletal fitness on health. Can J Appl Physiol. 2001; 26(2): 161-216.
Warburton DER, Gledhill N, Quinney A: Musculo skeletal fitness and health. Can J Appl Physiol. 2001; 26(2): 217-237.
Tinetti ME, Speechley M, Ginter SF: Risk-factors for falls among elderly persons living in the community. N Engl J Med. 1988; 319(26): 1701-1707.
Bloomfield SA: Contributions of physical activity to bone health over the lifespan. Top Geriatr Rehab. 2005; 21(1): 68-76.
Burbank P, Reibe D, Padula C, et al.: Exercise and older adults: Changing behavior with the transtheoretical model. Orthopedic Nurs. 2002; 21: 51-62.
Gregg EW, Pereira MA, Caspersen CJ: Physical activity, falls, and fractures among older adults: A review of the epidemiologic evidence. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000; 48(8): 883-893.
Myers J, Kaykha A, George S, et al.: Fitness versus physical activity patterns in predicting mortality in men. Am J Med. 2004; 117(12): 912-918.
Vance DE, Wadley VG, Ball KK, et al.: The effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on cognitive health in older adults. J Aging Phys Act. 2005; 13(3): 294-313.
DiPietro L: Physical activity in aging: Changes in patterns and their relationship to health and function. J Gerontol Ser A: Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001; 56(10): 10.
Fried L, Kronmal R, Newman A, et al.: Risk factors for 5-year mortality in older adults: The cardiovascular health study. JAMA. 1998; 279(8): 585-592.
Arfken CL, Lach HW, Birge SJ, et al.: The prevalence and correlates of fear of falling in elderly persons living in the community. Am J Public Health. 1994; 84(4): 565-570.
Booth ML, Bauman A, Owen N, et al.: Physical activity preferences, preferred sources of assistance, and perceived barriers to increased activity among physically inactive Australians. Prev Med. 1997; 26(1): 131-137.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention: Neighborhood safety and the prevalence of physical activityselected states. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999; 48: 143-146.
Crombie IK, Irvine L, Williams B, et al.: Why older people do not participate in leisure time physical activity: A survey of activity levels, beliefs and deterrents. Age Ageing. 2004; 33(3): 287-292.
Dishman RK: Motivating older adults to exercise. South Med J. 1994; 87(5): S79-S82.
Garber CE, Blissmer BJ: The Challenges of Exercise. New York: Springer, 2000.
Johnson NL, Hodges JS, Keller MJ: Get moving and keep moving: Motivating older adults for participation in leisure time physical activity. Activities Adaptation Aging. 2006; 31(2): 57-71.
Khourymurphy M, Murphy MD: Southern (bar)belles—The cultural problematics of implementing a weight training program among older Southern women. Play Cult. 1992; 5(4): 409-419.
King AC, Jeffery RW, Fridinger F, et al.: Environmental and policy approaches to cardiovascular disease prevention through physical activity: Issues and opportunities. Health Educ Q. 1995; 22(4): 499-511.
Lachman M, Jette A, Tennstedt S, et al.: A cognitivebehavioral model for promoting regular physical activity in older adults. Psychol Health Med. 1997; 2(3): 251-261.
Land G, Errington-Povalac E, Laul S: The effects of therapeutic riding on sitting posture in individuals with disabilities. Occup Ther Health Care. 2001; 14(1): 1-12.
Lee C: Factors related to the adoption of exercise among older women. J Behav Med. 1993; 16(3): 323-334.
Lee C: Attitudes, knowledge, and stages of change: A survey of exercise patterns in older Australian women. Health Psychol. 1993; 12(6): 476-480.
Levy BR, Hausdorff JM, Hencke R, et al.: Reducing cardiovascular stress with positive self-stereotypes of aging. J Gerontol B: Psychol. 2000; 55(4): P205-P213.
Poortinga W: Perceptions of the environment, physical activity, and obesity. Soc Sci Med. 2006; 63(11): 2835-2846.
Royce S, Sharpe P, Ainsworth B, et al.: Conceptualizing barriers and supports for physical activity: A qualitative assessment. Int J Health Prom Educ. 2003; 41(2): 49-56.
Sallis JF, Hovell MF, Hofstetter CR, et al.: Distance between homes and exercise facilities related to frequency of exercise among San-Diego residents. Public Health Rep. 1990; 105(2): 179-185.
Satariano WA, Haight TJ, Tager IB: Reasons given by older people for limitation or avoidance of leisure time physical activity. J Am Geriatrics Soc. 2000; 48(5): 505-512.
Wilcox S, Storandt M: Relations among age, exercise, and psychological variables in a community sample of women. Health Psychol. 1996; 15(2): 110-113.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Promoting Active Lifestyles Among Older Adults. 2005.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Strength training among adults aged 65 years. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004; 53: 25-28.
Lee LL, Arthur A, Avis M: Using self-efficacy theory to develop interventions that help older people overcome psychological barriers to physical activity: A discussion paper. Int J Nurs Stud. 2008; 45(11): 1690-1699.
Bandura A: Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York: W. H. Freeman, 1997.
Burton LC, Shapiro S, German PS: Determinants of physical activity initiation and maintenance among communitydwelling older persons. Prev Med. 1999; 29(5): 422-430.
Reid D: The influence of virtual reality on playfulness in children with cerebral palsy: A pilot study. Occup Ther Int. 2004; 11(3): 131-144.
Sveistrup H: Motor rehabilitation using virtual reality. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2004; 1(1): 10.
Weiss PL, Rand D, Katz N, et al.: Video capture virtual reality as a flexible and effective rehabilitation tool. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2004; 1(1): 12.
Mäyrä F: The contextual game experience: On the sociocultural contexts for meaning in digital play. In Proceedings of DiGRA 2007 Conference. Authors and Digital Games Research Association, 2007.
Gamberini L, Brresi G, Majer A, et al.: A game a day keeps the doctor away: A short review of computer games in mental health care. J Cyber Ther Rehabil. 2008; 1(2): 127-145.
Muscott H, Gifford T: Virtual reality and social skills training for students with behavioral disorders: Applica - tions, challenges and promising practices. Educ Treat Children. 1994; 17: 417.
Rose FD, Attree EA, Johnson DA: Virtual reality: An assistive technology in neurological rehabilitation. Curr Opin Neurol. 1996; 9(6): 461-467.
Stephenson J: Sick kids find help in a Cyberspace world. JAMA. 1995; 274(24): 1899-1901.
Strickland D, Marcus LM, Mesibov GB, et al.: Brief report: Two case studies using virtual reality as a learning tool for autistic children. J Autism Dev Disord. 1996; 26(6): 651-659.
Deutsch JE, Borbely M, Filler J, et al.: Use of a low-cost, commercially available gaming console (Wii) for rehabilitation of an adolescent with cerebral palsy. Phys Ther. 2008; 88(10): 1196-1207.
Graves L, Stratton G, Ridgers ND, et al.: Energy expenditure in adolescents playing new generation computer games. Br J Sports Med. 2008; 42(7): 592-594.
Graves LEF, Ridgers ND, Stratton G: The contribution of upper limb and total body movement to adolescents’ energy expenditure whilst playing Nintendo Wii. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008; 104(4): 617-623.
Graves L, Stratton G, Ridgers ND, et al.: Comparison of energy expenditure in adolescents when playing new generation and sedentary computer games: Cross sectional study. BMJ. 2007; 335(7633): 1282-1284.
Reid D, Campbell K: The use of virtual reality with children with cerebral palsy: A pilot randomized trial. Ther Rec J. 2006; 40(4): 255-268.
Sparks D, Chase D, Coughlin L: Wii have a problem: A review of self-reported Wii related injuries. Informatics Primary Care. 2009; 17(1): 55-57.
Nett M, Collins M, Sperling J: Magnetic resonance imaging of acute wiiitis of the upper extremity. Skeletal Radiol. 2008; 37(5): 481-483.
Mensah N, Day T: Therapy bytes: Innovative therapy. Global Ther Rec J. 1998; 5: 115-120.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright 2000-2023, Weston Medical Publishing, LLC
All Rights Reserved