Assessment of attitudes of health professionals toward naloxone use

Jonathan Lin; Helen Calmes; Heather Brooks; B. Lochlann McGee; Sonia Malhotra

doi:10.5055/jom.0879

Authors

Jonathan Lin, PharmD
Helen Calmes, PharmD, MBA, FLSHP https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8498-1216
Heather Brooks, DNP, APRN, FNP-C
B. Lochlann McGee, MD
Sonia Malhotra, MD, MS

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5055/jom.0879

Keywords:

naloxone, attitudes, survey, hospital, harm reduction

Abstract

Purpose:To assess the attitudes and behaviors of physicians, hospital pharmacists, registered nurses, and other healthcare professionals toward naloxone use. This survey will help the University Medical Center New Orleans Analgesic Management Stewardship team understand barriers and determine the education needed to improve the care we provide.

Methods:A survey was conducted at a single center, and it contained 17 questions: two concerning provider type and practice setting, followed by 15 qualitative questions to be answered in a Likert scale format, with options ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The survey was disseminated via email, in person, and at meetings. A quick-response code was used.

Results:The total number of participants in the survey was 151. Physicians accounted for the majority (n = 76, 50.3 percent), followed by registered nurses (n = 36, 23.8 percent) and then pharmacists (n = 17, 11.3 percent). Respondents primarily practiced in an inpatient medicine service (n = 78, 51.7 percent). When evaluating the impact naloxone has on patients suffering from opioid use disorder (OUD), most participants acknowledged that naloxone has an important part in treatment (n = 135, 89.4 percent) and has a positive impact on these patients (n = 129, 85.4 percent). Inappropriate naloxone use was addressed. A minority of the participants (n = 13, 8.6 percent) agreed that OUD patients would not use naloxone appropriately, with 38 (25.2 percent) participants remaining neutral. Furthermore, this response more than doubled (n = 29, 19.2 percent) for those who at least agreed that naloxone would only increase opioid use and risky behavior. While a majority felt comfortable educating their patients on naloxone use (n = 103, 68.2 percent), only about half of the total respondents (n = 79, 52.3 percent stated that they have received training on naloxone use for OUD patients. Just over half of the participants of this survey (n = 77, 51 percent) reported being aware of the standing order status of naloxone in Louisiana.

Conclusions:Based on the responses, there is a consensus that naloxone is effective and an important part of treatment for OUD patients. However, barriers exist where participants may not have received training or may not be comfortable educating patients on naloxone. In addition, there is concern among participants that patients may not use naloxone appropriately.

Author Biographies

Jonathan Lin, PharmD

Clinical Pharmacy Resident, University Medical Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana

Helen Calmes, PharmD, MBA, FLSHP

Clinical Pharmacist, University Medical Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana

Heather Brooks, DNP, APRN, FNP-C

Nurse Practitioner, Geriatric Trauma Consultation Service, University Medical Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana

B. Lochlann McGee, MD

Department of Psychiatry, LSU School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans; University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana

Sonia Malhotra, MD, MS

Director, UMCNO Palliative Medicine & Supportive Care, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana

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