Protective security measures for major sport events: Proposing a baseline standard
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5055/jem.2010.0004Keywords:
sport security, emergency planning, event managementAbstract
The purpose of this study was to identify baseline protective measures for security management of major sport events. Baseline protective security measures are implemented as standard operating procedures (SOP) to serve as routine inspection for a facility. Security measures previously identified by Hall were assessed using a three-round Delphi survey and focus group study. Purposive sampling was used to select participants for the Delphi panel and focus group study. The Delphi panel (n _ 15) composed of sport security management professionals with experience coordinating security operations at major sporting events. Twelve respondents completed all the three Delphi rounds. Rankings for security measures were assessed during Round 1, while importance ratings were assessed on a 5-point Likert scale during Round 2, and 3 of the Delphi study. A focus group study (n_ 4) was conducted to validate the Delphi study findings and achieve consensus among key stakeholders.This study identified 33 baseline protective security measures in the following six categories: Physical Security, Technical Security, Access Control, Emergency Management,Training and Exercise, and Weapons of Mass Destruction.References
Esposito R: March madness: Homeland security issues warning on sports arenas. FBI and DHS issue warning just in time for March madness. ABCnews.com. March 4, 2008. Available at http:// abcnews.go.com/Blotter/story?id_4387469. Accessed March 11, 2009.
Stevens A: Sport Security and Safety: Evolving Strategies for a Changing World. London, England: Sport Business Group, 2007.
Fried G: Managing Sports Facilities. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2005.
Hall S, Marciani L, Cooper WE: Emergency management and planning at major sports events. J Emerg Manage. 2008; 6 (1): 43-47.
Hall S: Effective security management of university sport venues. Sport J. 2006; 9(4): 1-10.
Department of Homeland Security: Protective Measures Guide for US Sports Leagues, Wasington, DC: Department of Homeland Security, 2008.
Hurst R, Zoubek P, Pratsinakis C: American sports as a target of terrorism: The duty of care after September 11. Available at www.mmwr.com/_uploads/UploadDocs/publications/American%20 Sports%20As%20A%20Target%20Of%20Terrorism.pdf. Accessed October 16, 2007.
Pantera MJ, Accorsi R, Winter C, et al.: Best practices for game day security at athletic and sport venues. Sport J. 2003; 6(4): 1-5.
Mason A: Security: NFL’s “No. 1 priority.” NFL.com. September 20, 2001. Available at www.nfl.com/news/2001/security_092001. html. Accessed September 13, 2005.
National Collegiate Athletic Association: Planning options. Available at www1.ncaa.org/membership/emergency_planning/ security_options. Accessed October 19, 2006.
International Association of Assembly Managers: Safety and security task force best practices planning guide. Available at www.iaam.org/CVMS/cvms.htm. Accessed September 20, 2008.
Flynn C: ASIS International granted ISO liaison status. Available at www.asisonline.org/newsroom/index.xml. Accessed July 10, 2006.
ASIS.org: ASIS International, 2008. Available at www.asisonline. org/about/history/index.xml. Accessed December 15, 2008.
Stadia Safety and Security: The prevention of football related violence. FA Student Research Source, 2005. Available at www.thefa. com/NR/rdonlyres/CEEB70F9-695A-4F70-8898-8BBE6BBC16BB/ 95078/1982Sec9.pdf. Accessed January 15, 2009.
Ludwig B: Predicting the future: Have you considered using the Delphi method? Journal of Extension 1997; 35(5). Available at www.joe.org/joe/1997october/tt2.html. Accessed July 22, 2005.
Dennington V: How to conduct a study using the Delphi technique. SSABSA Support Materials. March 19, 2004. Available at www.ssabsa.sa.edu.au/support/science/pscy/psyc-tl-delphi.pdf. Accessed July 22, 2005.
Gordon TJ: The Delphi method 1994. Available at www. futurovenezuela.org/_curso/5-delphi.pdf. Accessed October 3, 2005.
Dalkey N, Helmer O: An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Manage Sci. 1963; (3): 458-467.
Dillman DA, Smyth JD, Christian LM: Internet, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method. New York, NY: Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009.
Phillimore J, Goodson L: Qualitative Research in Tourism: Ontologies, Epistemologies and Methodologies. London: Routledge, 2004.
Philpott D: Business resiliency handbook. Journal of Homeland Defense. Special Report, 2007. Available at www. homelanddefensejournal.com/hdl/BusinessResiliency.htm. Accessed May 10, 2008. 22. Graham B, Talent J, Allison G, et al.: World at Risk: The Report of the Commission on the Perception of WMD Proliferation and Terrorism. New York, NY:Vintage Books, Random House, Inc. 2008.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright 2007-2023, Weston Medical Publishing, LLC and Journal of Emergency Management. All Rights Reserved
