Improving shadow evacuation management: Case study of the Graniteville, South Carolina, chlorine spill
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5055/jem.2007.0041Keywords:
-Abstract
Facilitating evacuations is a primary aim of disaster management. While under-response to evacuation orders is a typical problem, over-response, or a shadow evacuation, also poses serious problems and should be minimized when possible. This case study of a chlorine spill was designed to evaluate the differences in evacuation behavior between those faced with an evacuation order versus spontaneous, voluntary evacuees. We found that a significant shadow evacuation developed, and we believe that the addition of geographic specificity to the warning message may have limited the scope of the over-response.References
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