Ready in the face of danger? Investigating preparation, mitigation, and media dependencies amongst those affected by the 2018 California Wildfires
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5055/jem.0507Keywords:
crisis communication, media, mitigation, WildfireAbstract
The current study analyzes information-seeking tendencies, preparation, and mitigation behavior among those impacted by the 2018 Camp Fire and Woolsey Fire in California. Similar to previous work, results suggest that socioeconomic status was a strong positive predictor of having an emergency kit and evacuation plan in place. The internet and television were the two preferred sources of information, while the relative lack of importance of radio, interpersonal communication, and social media runs counter to past research in the area. Implications for emergency management are discussed.References
Adams A: Stanford experts reflect on the most destructive fire season in California history. Stanford News. 2018. Available at https://news.stanford.edu/2018/11/28/reflections-california-wildfires/. Accessed September 5, 2019.
Lachlan KA, Spence PR: Hazard and outrage: Developing a psychometric instrument in the aftermath of Katrina. J Appl Commun Res. 2007; 35(1): 109-123. doi: 10.1080/00909880601065847.
Lachlan KA, Spence PR, Lin X, et al.: Screaming into the wind: Examining the volume and content of tweets associated with Hurricane Sandy. Commun Stud. 2014; 65(5); 500-518. doi:10.1080/10510974.2014.956941.
Seeger MW: Best practices in crisis communication: An expert panel process. J Appl Commun Res. 2006; 34(3): 232-244.
Climate 101: Wildfires. National Geographic. Available at https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/natural-disasters/wildfire-safety-tips/. Accessed February 22, 2019.
Wildfires: Ready.gov. Available at https://www.ready.gov/wildfires. Accessed February 22, 2019.
Defensible Space: FEMA [PDF]. 2008. Available at https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1652-20490-9209/fema_p_737_fs_4.pdf.
Brenkert-Smith H, Champ PA, Flores N: Trying not to get burned: Understanding homeowners’ wildfire risk-mitigation behaviors. Environ Manage, 2012; 50(6): 1139-1151. doi:10.1007/s00267-012-9949-8.
Champ PA, Brenkert-Smith H: Is seeing believing? Perceptions of wildfire risk over time. Risk Anal. 2016; 36(4); 816-830. doi:10.1111/risa.12465.
Winter G, Fried JS: Homeowner perspectives on fire hazard, responsibility, and management strategies at the wildland-urban interface. Soc Nat Resour. 2000; 13(1): 33-49.
McCaffrey SM, Velez ALK, Briefel JA: (2013). Differences in information needs for wildfire evacuees and non-evacuees. Int J Mass Emerg Disasters. 2013; 31(1): 4-24.
McCaffrey S, Toman E, Stidham M, et al.: Social science research related to wildfire management: An overview of recent findings and future research needs. Int J Wildland Fire. 2012; 22(1), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF11115.
Schulte S, Miller KA: (2010). Wildfire risk and climate change: The influence of homeowner mitigation behavior in the wildl-and-urban interference. Soc Nat Resour. 2010; 23(5): 417-435. doi:10.1080/08941920903431298.
Spence PR, Lachlan KA, Burke JA: (2008). Crisis preparation, media use, and information seeking: Patterns across Katrina evacuees and lessons learned for crisis communication. J Emerg Manage. 2008; 6(2): 11-23.
Spence PR, Lachlan KA, Burke JA: Differences in crisis knowledge across age, race, and socioeconomic status during Hurricane Ike: A field test and extension of the knowledge gap hypothesis. Commun Theory. 2011; 21(3): 261-278. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2011.01385.x.
Ball-Rokeach SJ, DeFleur ML: A dependency model of mass-media effects. Commun Res. 1976; 3(1); 3-21.
DeFleur ML, Ball-Rokeach S: Theories of mass communication (5th ed.). White Plains, New York: Longman; 1989.
Lachlan KA, Xu Z, Hutter EE, et al.: A little goes a long way: Serial transmission of twitter content associated with hurricane Irma and implications for crisis communication. J Strategic Innov Sustainability. 2019; 14(1): 16-26.
Hindman DB, Coyle K: Audience orientations to local radio coverage of a natural disaster. J Radio Stud. 1999; 6(1): 8-26.
Hirschburg PL, Dillman DA, Ball-Rokeach SJ: Media system dependency theory: Responses to the eruption of Mt. St. Helens. In: Ball Rokeach SJ, Cantor MG (eds.), Media, audience and social structure. Beverly Hills, California: Sage; 1987: 117-126.
Loges WE: Canaries in the coal mine: Perceptions of threat and media system dependency relations. Commun Res. 1994; 21(1): 5-23.
Lowrey W: Media dependency during a large-scale social disruption: The case of September 11. Mass Commun Soc. 2004; 7(3): 339-357.
Beaudoin CE: Media effects on public safety following a natural disaster: Testing lagged dependent variable models. J Mass Commun Q. 2007; 84(4): 695-712.
Lachlan KA., Spence PR, Lin X, et al.: Social media and crisis management: CERC, search strategies, and Twitter content. Comput. Human Behav., 54, 647-653.
Jiang J, Ouyang N: New media use during the 5/12 Sichuan Earthquake: A case study of media dependency. Media Asia. 2008; 35(3): 148-151.
Lachlan KA, Spence PR, Seeger M: Terrorist attacks and uncertainty reduction: Media use after September 11. Behav Sci Terrorism Political Aggression. 2009; 1(2): 101-110.
Kumagai Y, Carroll MS, Cohn P: Coping with interface wildfire as a human event: Lessons from the disaster/hazards literature. J Forestry. 2004; 102(6); 28-32.
Jiang J, Ouyang N: New media use during the 5/12 Sichuan Earthquake: A case study of media dependency. Media Asia. 2008; 35(3): 148-151.
Lachlan KA, Spence PR, Seeger M: Terrorist attacks and uncertainty reduction: Media use after September 11. Behav Sci Terrorism Political Aggression. 2009; 1(2): 101-110.
Kumagai Y, Carroll MS, Cohn P: Coping with interface wildfire as a human event: Lessons from the disaster/hazards literature. J Forestry. 2004; 102(6); 28-32.
McCool SF, Burchfield JA, Williams DR, et al.: An event-based approach for examining the effects of wildland fire decisions on communities. Environ Manage. 2006; 37(4): 437-450.
Hodgson RW: Emotions and sense making in disturbance: Community adaptation to dangerous environments. Human Ecol Rev. 2007; 14(2): 233-242.
Lachlan KA, Spence PR, Omilion-Hodges L, et al.: Responding to campus shootings: Two studies exploring the effects of sex and placement strategy on knowledge acquisition and organizational reputation. J Int Crisis Risk Commun Res. 2018; 1(1): 83-110. doi:10.30658/jicrcr.1.1.5.
Sutton J, Palen L, Shklovski I: Backchannels on the front lines: Emergent uses of social media in the 2007 southern California wildfires. Proceedings from ISCRAM ‘08: The 5th International ISCRAM Conference. Washington, DC; 2008.
Slavkovikj V, Verstockt S, Van Hoecke S, et al.: Review of wildfire detection using social media. Fire Saf J. 2014; 68: 109-118. doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2014.05.021.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright 2007-2023, Weston Medical Publishing, LLC and Journal of Emergency Management. All Rights Reserved