Wireless communication and spectrum sharing for public safety in the United States
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5055/jem.2016.0283Keywords:
wireless communication, spectrum sharing, interoperability, emergency managementAbstract
With the vast number of fragmented, independent public safety wireless communication systems, the United States is encountering major challenges with enhancing interoperability and effectively managing costs while sharing limited availability of critical spectrum. The traditional hierarchical approach of emergency management does not always allow for needed flexibility and is not a mandate. A national system would reduce equipment needs, increase effectiveness, and enrich quality and coordination of response; however, it is dependent on integrating the commercial market. This article discusses components of an ideal national wireless public safety system consists along with key policies in regulating wireless communication and spectrum sharing for public safety and challenges for implementation.
References
Faulhaber GR: Solving the interoperability problem: Are we on the same channel-an essay of the problems and prospects for public safety radio. Fed Comm LJ. 2006; 59: 493.
Kapucu N: Interagency communication networks during emergencies boundary spanners in multiagency coordination. Am Rev Public Adm. 2006; 36(2): 207-225.
Manoj BS, Baker AH: Communication challenges in emergency response. Commun ACM. 2007; 50(3): 51-53.
Peha JM: From TV to public safety: The need for fundamental reform in public safety spectrum and communications policy. 2006. Available at http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1022&context=epp. Accessed June 2, 2016.
Fantacci R, Vanneschi M, Bertolli C, et al.: Next generation grids and wireless communication networks: Towards a novel integrated approach. Wirel Commun Mob Comput. 2009; 9(4): 445-467.
White House: Expanding America's leadership in wireless innovation. Office Press Secretary. 2013. Available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/06/14/presidential-memorandum-expanding-americas-leadership-wireless-innovatio. Accessed June 2, 2016.
Habib I, Mazzenga F: Wireless technologies advances for emergency and rural communications. IEEE Wirel Commun Mag. 2008; 15(3): 6-7.
Hallahan R, Peha JM: Quantifying the costs of a nationwide broadband public safety wireless network. Paper presented at 36th Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, 2008. Available at http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1039&context=epp. Accessed June 2, 2016.
Peha JM: Sharing spectrum through spectrum policy reform and cognitive radio. Proc IEEE. 2009; 97(4): 708-719.
Walker DC: Mass Notification and Crisis Communications: Planning, Preparedness, and Systems. New York, NY: CRC Press, 2012.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA): Disaster emergency communications division. 2015. Available at http://www.fema.gov/disaster-emergency-communications-division. Accessed March 13, 2016.
Black DR, Dietz JE, Stirratt AA, et al.: Do social media have a place in public health emergency response? J Emerg Manag. 2014; 13(3): 217-226.
Department of Homeland Security (DHS): National Emergency Communications Plan. 2014. Available at http://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/2014%20National%20Emergency%20Communications%20Plan_October%2029%202014.pdf. Accessed June 2, 2016.
Kapucu N, Garayev V: Designing, managing, and sustaining functionally collaborative emergency management networks. Am Rev Public Adm. 2012: 0275074012444719.
Sylves R: Disaster Policy and Politics: Emergency Management and Homeland Security. New York, NY: CQ Press, 2014.
Hallahan R, Peha JM: The business case of a network that serves both public safety and commercial subscribers. Telecomm Policy. 2011; 35(3): 250-268.
Shapiro RJ, Holtz-Eakin D, Bazelon C: The economic implications of restricting spectrum purchases in the incentive auctions. 2014. Available at http://www.sonecon.com/docs/studies/EconImplicationsSpectrumAuctions.pdf. Accessed June 2, 2016.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC): Emergency communications guide. 2014. Available at http://www.fcc.gov/publicsafety. Accessed March 13, 2016.
Manner JA, Newman S, Peha JM: The FCC plan for a public safety broadband wireless network. Paper presented at 38th Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, 2010. Washington, DC: Available at http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~peha/FCC_plan_for_public_safety.pdf. Accessed March 13, 2016.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC): National Broadband Plan. 2010. Available at https://www.fcc.gov/nationalbroadband-plan. Accessed March 13, 2016.
Liu Y, Guo H, Nault BR: Centralized versus decentralized provision of public safety networks. 2014. Available at http://www.teis-workshop.org/papers/2014/Guo.pdf. Accessed June 2, 2016
Peha JM: Spectrum management policy options. IEEE Commun Surv. 1998; 1(1): 2-8.
Jesuale N: Overview of state and local government interests in spectrum policy issues. Paper presented at New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, First IEEE International Symposium, Seattle, WA: IEEE, 2005: 476-485.
Dano M: The looming conflict over spectrum sharing. Fierce Wireless Tech. June 21, 2013. Available at http://www.fiercewireless.com/story/looming-conflict-over-spectrum-sharing/2013-06-21. Accessed June 2, 2016.
Peha JM: How America's fragmented approach to public safety wastes money and spectrum. Telecomm Policy. 2007; 31(10): 605-618.
Rysavy P: Spectrum sharing: The promise and the reality. Paper presented at Wireless Spectrum Research and Development Workshop IV, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 2012. Available at http://www.rysavy.com/Articles/2012_07_Spectrum_Sharing.pdf. Accessed March 13, 2016.
Comfort LK, Kapucu N: Inter-organizational coordination in extreme events: The World Trade Center attacks, September 11, 2001. Nat Hazards. 2006; 39(2): 309-327.
Hu Q, Knox CC, Kapucu N: What have we learned since September 11, 2001?. A network study of the Boston marathon bombings response. Public Adm Rev. 2014; 74(6): 698-712.
Jaeger PT, Shneiderman B, Fleischmann KR, et al.: Community response grids: E-government, social networks, and effective emergency management. Telecomm Policy. 2007; 31(10): 592-604.
Meissner A, Luckenbach T, Risse T, et al.: Design challenges for an integrated disaster management communication and information system. Paper presented at The First IEEE Workshop on Disaster Recovery Networks, New York, NY, Vol 24, 2002.
Werbach K, Mehta A: The spectrum opportunity: Sharing as the solution to the wireless crunch. Int J Commun. 2014; 8: 22.
Dano M: Updated: NTIA suspends funds for Los Angeles’ public-safety LTE network. Fierce Wireless Tech. 2015. Available at http://www.fiercewireless.com/tech/story/losangelesofficialshaltpublicsafetyltenetworkcloudingfirstnetspro/20150402. Accessed March 13, 2016.
Doyle L, Forde T: A regulatory perspective on cognitive radio and spectrum sharing. In Cognitive Radio and Networking for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks. New York, NY: Springer International Publishing, 2015: 257-289.
Government Accountability Office (GAO): Spectrum management: Incentives, opportunities and testing needed to enhance spectrum sharing (GAO 13-7). 2012. Available at http://www.gao.gov/assets/660/650019.pdf. Accessed March 13, 2016.
Moore LK: Spectrum Policy in the Age of Broadband: Issues for Congress. Washington, DC: DIANE Publishing, 2010.
Wang Q, Brown TX: Public safety and commercial spectrum sharing via network pricing and admission control. IEEE J Selected Areas Commun. 2007; 25(3): 622-632.
Peha JM: Sharing spectrum through spectrum policy reform and cognitive radio. Proc IEEE. 2008; 97(4): 708-719.
Portmann M, Pirzada AA: Wireless mesh networks for public-safety and crisis management applications. IEEE Internet Comput. 2008; 12(1): 18-25.
Brito J: Public safety interoperability. Regulation. 2006; 29(3): 6.
Fu L: The government response to 9/11: Communications technology and the media. Libr Arch Secur. 2011; 24(2): 103-118.
Chiu DKW, Lin DTT, Kafeza E, et al.: Alert based disaster notification and resource allocation. Inf Syst Frontiers. 2010; 12(1): 29-47.
Abusch-Magder D, Bosch P, Klein TE, et al.: 911-NOW: A network on wheels for emergency response and disaster recovery operations. Bell Labs Tech J. 2007; 11(4): 113-133.
Lien Y-N, Jang H-C, Tsai T-C: P2Pnet: A MANET based emergency communication system for catastrophic natural disasters. Paper presented at 29th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops, Montreal, 2009.
Mousa AM: Challenges of future R&D in mobile communications. Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl. 2012; 3(10): 1-10.
Di Benedetto M-G, Cattoni A, Fiorina J, et al.: Cognitive Radio and Networking for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks. New York, NY: Springer, 2015.
Somov A, Rasheed T, Yedugundla VK: Power control game for spectrum sharing in public safety communications. Paper presented at IEEE 18th International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD), Berlin, Germany, IEEE, 2013: 207-211.
Sherman M, Mody AN, Martinez R, et al.: IEEE standards supporting cognitive radio and networks, dynamic spectrum access, and coexistence. IEEE Commun Mag. 2008; 46(7): 72-79.
Radianti J, Dugdale J, Gonzalez JJ: Smartphone sensing platform for emergency management. Paper presented at Proceedings of the 11th International ISCRAM Conference, College Park, PA, 2014.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright 2007-2023, Weston Medical Publishing, LLC and Journal of Emergency Management. All Rights Reserved