Improving residential care amid COVID-19: The link between risk factors and hospitalization

Abstract

Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the hospitalizations and backgrounds of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 to identify specific risk factors.

Methods: This retrospective study used health observation records to analyze the relationship between certain risk factors and the subsequent hospitalization of 321 patients who were discharged from a residential care facility between January 16 and February 8, 2021. The usefulness of a hospitalization prediction score, created based on the presence of comorbidities and sex, was examined.

Results: Being older, male, and having a history of high blood pressure or vascular disease were all risk factors. A multivariate analysis with age and hospitalization predictive score as independent variables and hospitalization as the dependent variable showed that age (odds ratio: 1.07, 95 percent confidence interval: 1.03-1.11, p < 0.01) significantly increased hospitalization risk by 7 percent for every 1-year age increase. The median time from illness onset to hospitalization for all patients was 9 days (interquartile range: 8-10). Hypoxia was the most common cause of hospitalization. However, hypoxia and other symptoms, such as cough and dyspnea, were not correlated.

Conclusion: Given the pandemic, there may come another time when hospitals are not able to accommodate all patients who require care. In such instances, age, sex, the presence of comorbidities, and checking oxygen saturation regularly using a pulse oximeter around 9 days after the onset of the disease should all be considered important, as it may lead to improved and safer operation of overnight care facilities.